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Current Projects

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Our research involves a wide range of topics and approaches. Current projects focus on beauty and morality, the built environment and wellness, and engagement with art. On this page, you can also find our publications & resources.

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Woman's face with scarring across the forehead and chin — Modified photo from the Chicago Face Database

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Beauty and Morality

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Our research shows that people with facial anomalies, such as scars or paralysis, are viewed as having worse social traits. These problematic stereotypes are associated with implicit biases and neural responses suggestive of diminished empathy and possibly, dehumanization.

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Recent work:

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Paruzel-Czachura, M., Workman, C.I., Taylor, J.A., and Chatterjee, A. (2025). Reader in face-reading: viewer’s empathy and sensitivity to disgust impacts the first impressions of anomalous faces. Motivation and Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-025-10141-1

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A partially-outdoor patio space with smooth marble and glass surfaces — Photo by Jean-Philipe Delberghe

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The Built Environment and Wellness

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What are the specific features of interior and exterior spaces that promote wellness? We investigate how various design features, such as ceiling height or wall curvature, can determine our experiences along certain psychological dimensions—coherence, fascination, and hominess.

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Recent work:

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D. Holzman, V. Meletaki, I. Bobrow, A. Weinberger, R.F. Jivraj, A. Green, A. Chatterjee (2025). Natural Beauty and Human Potential: Examining Aesthetic, Cognitive and Emotional States in Natural, Biophilic, and Control Environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 102591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102591.

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Engagement with Art

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There are many ways to measure the physical properties of an image. One approach is to study patterns in low level features, such as in the distribution of visual edges in a work of art. Based on the strength and orientation of edges, we can quantify properties such as visual complexity and measure the extent to which these properties affect our aesthetic preferences.

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Recent work:

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Darda, K. M., Gonzalez, V. E., Christensen, A. P., Bobrow, I., Krimm, A., Nasim, Z., ... & Chatterjee, A. (2025). Art impacts in museums compared to digital encounters. Sci Rep 15, 8972. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93630-0

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Network diagram showing relationships among various artworks — Diagram from the Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics

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There is enormous variety in the universe of visual art. A powerful method to bring order to this chaos is network analysis. Networks help us cluster images that have similar physical properties or that have been described using similar language. These groupings help us reveal underlying patterns in how we respond to art and what drives our appreciation for beauty.

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Recent work:

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Christensen, A. P., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2022). What kind of impacts can artwork have on viewers? Establishing a taxonomy for aesthetic impacts. British Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12623

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Publications & Resources

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Publications on topics in neuroaesthetics

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Wagner, C. S., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Workman, C. I., Kumar, S. L., Salinero, L. K., Barrero, C. E., Pontell, M. E., Taylor, J. A., & Chatterjee, A. (2025). Exploring Film as Popular Art Promoting Scarred Villain Trope. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374251386302
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Estrada Gonzalez, V., Youn, N. (Junga), Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2025). Slow-looking enhances aesthetic experience. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2025.2552793
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Paruzel-Czachura, M., Workman, C.I., Taylor, J.A., and Chatterjee, A. (2025). Reader in face-reading: viewer’s empathy and sensitivity to disgust impacts the first impressions of anomalous faces. Motivation and Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-025-10141-1
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Estrada Gonzalez, V., Bobrow, I., Cardillo, E. R., Kim, O., Meletaki, V., & Chatterjee, A. (2025). A normed art database that incorporates diverse cultures and genres: The Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics artwork repository. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000755
D. Holzman, V. Meletaki, I. Bobrow, A. Weinberger, R.F. Jivraj, A. Green, A. Chatterjee (2025). Natural Beauty and Human Potential: Examining Aesthetic, Cognitive and Emotional States in Natural, Biophilic, and Control Environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 102591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102591.
Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2025). Benefits of Nature Imagery and Visual Art in Healthcare Contexts: A View from Empirical Aesthetics. Buildings, 15(7), 1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071027
Darda, K. M., Gonzalez, V. E., Christensen, A. P., Bobrow, I., Krimm, A., Nasim, Z., ... & Chatterjee, A. (2025). Art impacts in museums compared to digital encounters. Sci Rep 15, 8972 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93630-0
Paruzel‐Czachura, M., Workman, C. I., El Toukhy, N., & Chatterjee, A. (2024). First impressions: Do faces with scars and palsies influence warmth, competence and humanization?. British Journal of Psychology, 115(4), 706-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12719
Darda, K. M., & Chatterjee, A. (2024). Cross-cultural Aesthetics: Aesthetic Contextualism and Ingroup Bias. Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics Vol, 47(3), 120-140.
Estrada Gonzalez, V., Meletaki, V., Walker, M., Payano Sosa, J., Stamper, A., Srikanchana, R., ... & Chatterjee, A. (2024). Art therapy masks reflect emotional changes in military personnel with PTSS. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 7192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57128-5
Chatterjee, A. (2023). Emotion, Language and Aesthetic Expression: On Motherwell and His Art. Empirical Studies of the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374231208320
Kenett, Y.N., Cardillo, E.R., Christensen, A.P. & Chatterjee, A. (2023). Aesthetic emotions are affected by context: a psychometric network analysis. Scientific Reports, 13, 20985. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48219-w
Bellaiche, L., Smith, A. P., Barr, N., Christensen, A., Williams, C., Ragnhildstveit, A., Schooler, J., Beaty, R., Chatterjee, A. & Seli, P. (2023). Back to the basics: Abstract painting as an index of creativity. Creativity Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2243100
Sosa, J. P., Srikanchana, R., Walker, M., Stamper, A., King, J., Ollinger, J., Bonavia, G., Workman, C., Darda, K., Chatterjee, A. & Rhodes, C. S. (2023). Increased Functional Connectivity in Military Service Members Presenting a Psychological Closure and Healing Theme in Art Therapy Masks. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 102050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2023.102050
Christensen, A. P., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2023). Can art promote understanding? A review of the psychology and neuroscience of aesthetic cognitivism. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000541
Darda, K. M., & Chatterjee, A. (2023). The impact of contextual information on aesthetic engagement of artworks. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 4273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30768-9
Kenett, Y. N., Humphries, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2023). A Thirst for Knowledge: Grounding Curiosity, Creativity, and Aesthetics in Memory and Reward Neural Systems. Creativity Research Journal, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2165748
Chatterjee, A. (2022). Art in an age of artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1024449. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1024449
Christensen, A. P., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2022). What kind of impacts can artwork have on viewers? Establishing a taxonomy for aesthetic impacts. British Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12623
Villavisanis, D. F., Workman, C. I., Zapatero, Z. D., Vu, G. H., Humphries, S. A., Blum, J. D., Cho, D.Y., Swanson, J.W., Bartlett, S.P., Chatterjee, A. & Taylor, J. A. (2023). Visual Attention, Bias, and Social Dispositions Toward People with Facial Anomalies: A Prospective Study with Eye-Tracking Technology. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 90(5), 482-486. https://doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000003435
Villavisanis, D. F., Whitaker, L. A., Chatterjee, A., & Taylor, J. A. (2022). Neuroaesthetics in Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery: Opportunities for Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 10-1097. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000009880
Weinberger, A. B., Garside, E. W., Christensen, A. P., & Chatterjee, A. (2022). Effects of expertise on psychological responses to buildings and natural landscapes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 84, 101903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101903
Villavisanis, D., Workman, C., Zapatero, Z. D., Vu, G., Humphries, S., Blum, J. D., ... & Taylor, J. A. (2022). Layperson Bias and Empathy Influence Visual Attention Toward Patients with Hemifacial Microsomia: A Prospective Eye-tracking Study. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 10 (10 Suppl). https://doi.org/10.1097/01.GOX.0000898996.44696.95
Zapatero, Z. D., Workman, C. I., Kalmar, C. L., Humphries, S., Kosyk, M. S., Carlson, A. R., ... & Taylor, J. A. (2022). Facial Scars: Do Position and Orientation Matter?. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000009728
Villavisanis, D. F., Workman, C. I., Cho, D. Y., Zapatero, Z. D., Wagner, C. S., Blum, J. D., ... & Taylor, J. A. (2022). Associations of Facial Proportionality, Attractiveness, and Character Traits. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 33(5), 1431-1435. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000008662
Workman, C., Smith, K., Apicella, C., & Chatterjee, A. (2022). Evidence against the “anomalous-is-bad” stereotype in Hadza hunter gatherers. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12440-w
Villavisanis, D.F., Workman, C.I., Zapatero, Z.D., Vu, G.H., Humphries, S., Cho, D.Y., Cheung, L., Blum, J.D., Swanson, J.D., Bartlett, S.P., Chatterjee, A., & Taylor, J.A. (2022). Visual Perceptions of Hemifacial Microsomia Reconstruction: A Prospective Study with Eye Tracking Technology and Mixed Linear Effects Models Analysis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.GOX.0000828596.70420.5f
Villavisanis, D.F., Workman, C.I., Cho, D.Y., Zapatero, Z.D., Wagner, C.S., Cheung, L., Blum, J.D., Bartlett, S.P., Swanson, J.D., Chatterjee, A., & Taylor, J.A. (2022). It’s All Relative: Associations of Facial Proportionality, Attractiveness, and Character Traits. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2F01.GOX.0000828408.86704.05
Hartung, F., Wang, Y., Mak, M., Willems, R., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). Aesthetic appraisals of literary style and emotional intensity in narrative engagement are neurally dissociable. Nature Communications Biology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02926-0
He, D., Workman, C., He, X., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). What is good is beautiful (and what isn’t, isn’t): How moral character affects perceived facial attractiveness. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/aca0000454
Hayn-Leichsenring, G., Vartanian, O. & Chatterjee, A. (2021). The role of expertise in the aesthetic evaluation of mathematical equations. Psychological Research (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01592-5
Chatterjee, A., Coburn, A. & Weinberger, A. (2021). The neuroaesthetics of architectural spaces. Cognitive Processing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-021-01043-4
He, D., Workman, C. I., Kenett, Y. N., He, X., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). The effect of aging on facial attractiveness: An empirical and computational investigation. Acta Psychologica, 219, 103385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103385
Weinberger, A. B., Christensen, A. P., Coburn, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). Psychological responses to buildings and natural landscapes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 77, 101676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101676
Vartanian, O., Navarrete, G., Palumbo, L., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). Individual differences in preference for architectural interiors. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 77, 101668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101668
Kenett, Y. N., Ungar, L., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). Beauty and wellness in the semantic memory of the beholder. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 696507. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.696507
Workman, C. I., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). The Face Image Meta-Database (fIMDb) & ChatLab Facial Anomaly Database (CFAD): Tools for research on face perception and social stigma. Methods in Psychology, 5, 100063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metip.2021.100063 6
- Visit website for the fIMDb & CFAD
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Humphries, S., Rick, J., Weintraub, D., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). Movement in aesthetic experiences: What we can learn from Parkinson's disease. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 33(7) 1329–1342. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01718
Workman, C. I., Humphries, S., Hartung, F., Aguirre, G. K., Kable, J. W., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). Morality is in the eye of the beholder: The neurocognitive basis of the "anomalous‐is‐bad" stereotype. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14575
Zhao, X., Wang, J., Li, J., Luo, G., Li, T., Chatterjee, A., Zhang, W., & He, X. (2020). The neural mechanism of aesthetic judgments of dynamic landscapes: An fMRI study. Scientific Reports, 10, 20774. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77658-y
Coburn, A., Vartanian, O., Kenett, Y. N., Nadal, M., Hartung, F., Hayn-Leichsenring, G., Navarrete, G., Gonzalez-Mora, J. L., & Chatterjee, A. (2020). Psychological and neural responses to architectural interiors. Cortex, 126, 217–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.009
Hayn-Leichsenring, G. U., Kenett, Y. N., Schulz, K., & Chatterjee, A. (2020). Abstract art paintings, global image properties, and verbal descriptions: An empirical and computational investigation. Acta Psychologica, 202, 102936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102936
Faust, N. T., Chatterjee, A., & Christopoulos, G. I. (2019). Beauty in the eyes and the hand of the beholder: Eye and hand movements' differential responses to facial attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 85, 103884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103884
Hartung, F., Jamrozik, A., Rosen, M. E., Aguirre, G., Sarwer, D. B., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Behavioural and neural responses to facial disfigurement. Scientific Reports, 9, 8021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44408-8
Nadal, M., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Neuroaesthetics and art's diversity and universality. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 10(3), e1487. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1487
Jamrozik, A., Oraa Ali, M., Sarwer, D. B., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). More than skin deep: Judgments of individuals with facial disfigurement. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 13(1), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000147
Vartanian, O., Navarrete, G., Chatterjee, A., Fich, L. B., Leder, H., Modroño, C., Rostrup, N., Skov, M., Corradi, G., & Nadal, M. (2019). Preference for curvilinear contour in interior architectural spaces: Evidence from experts and nonexperts. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 13(1), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000150
Hayn-Leichsenring, G. U., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Colliding terminological systems—Immanuel Kant and contemporary empirical aesthetics. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 37(2), 197–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276237418818635
Belfi, A. M., Vessel, E. A., Brielmann, A., Isik, A. I., Chatterjee, A., Leder, H., Pelli, D. G., & Starr, G. G. (2019). Dynamics of aesthetic experience are reflected in the default-mode network. NeuroImage, 188, 584–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.017
Faust, N. T., Chatterjee, A., & Christopoulos, G. I. (2018). The eﬀect of unrelated social exchanges on facial attractiveness judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 79, 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.08.010
Meghani, S. H., Peterson, C., Kaiser, D. H., Rhodes, J., Rao, H., Chittams, J., & Chatterjee, A. (2018). A pilot study of a mindfulness-based art therapy intervention in outpatients with cancer. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 35(9), 1195–1200. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909118760304
Chatterjee, A. (2017). Orange is the new aesthetic [Commentary on the journal article The Distancing-Embracing model of the enjoyment of negative emotions in art reception, by W. Menninghaus, V. Wagner, J. Hanich, E. Wassiliwizky, T. Jacobsen, & S. Koelsch]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40(355), e355. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X17001637
Coburn, A., Vartanian, O., & Chatterjee, A. (2017). Buildings, beauty, and the brain: A neuroscience of architectual experience. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(9), 1521–1531. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01146
Chatterjee, A. (2017). A cognitive aesthetics of literature and the arts [Review of the book Beauty and sublimity, by P. C. Hogan]. Cognitive Semiotics, 10(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogsem-2017-0003
Chatterjee, A., & Vartanian, O. (2016). Neuroscience of aesthetics. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1369(1), 172–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13035
Pearce, M. T., Zaidel, D. W., Vartanian, O., Skov, M., Leder, H., Chatterjee, A., & Nadal, M. (2015). Neuroaesthetics: The cognitive neuroscience of aesthetic experience. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(2), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615621274
Pegors, T. K., Kable, J. W., Chatterjee, A., & Epstein, R. A. (2015). Common and unique representations in pFC for face and place attractiveness. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27(5), 959–973. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00777
Vartanian, O., Navarrete, G., Chatterjee, A., Fich, L. B., Gonzalez-Mora, J. L., Leder, H., Modroño, C., Nadal, M., Rostrup, N., & Skov, M. (2015). Architectural design and the brain: Effects of ceiling height and perceived enclosure on beauty judgments and approach-avoidance decisions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 41, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.11.006
Graham, D., Schwarz, B., Chatterjee, A., Kircher, T., & Straube, B. (2014). Preference for luminance histogram regularities in natural scenes. Vision Research, 120, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.018
Chatterjee, A., & Vartanian, O. (2014). Neuroaesthetics. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(7), 370–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.003
Chatterjee, A. (2014). Scientific aesthetics: Three steps forward. British Journal of Psychology, 105, 465–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12086
Chancellor, B., Duncan, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2014). Art therapy for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 39(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-131295
Göksun, T., Kranjec, A., Chatterjee, A. (2014). The development of visual art preferences. In A. Kozbelt (Ed.), Proceedings of the twenty-third biennial congress of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics (pp. 223–225). New York, NY: International Association of Empirical Aesthetics.
Vartanian, O., Navarrete, G., Chatterjee, A., Fich, L. B., Leder, H., Modroño, C., Nadal, M., Rostrup, N., & Skov, M. (2013). Impact of contour on aesthetic judgments and approach-avoidance decisions in architecture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301227110
van Buren, B., Bromberger, B., Potts, D., Miller, B., & Chatterjee A. (2013). Changes in painting styles of two artists with Alzheimer’s disease. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7(1), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029332
Chatterjee A. (2011). Where there be dragons: Finding the edges of neuroaesthetics. Aesthetics, 31(2), 4–6.
Chatterjee, A., Bromberger, B., Smith, W., Sternschein, R., & Widick, P. (2011). Artistic production following brain damage: A study of three artists. Leonardo, 44(5), 405–410. https://doi.org/10.1162/LEON_a_00240
Chatterjee, A. (2011). Neuroaesthetics: A coming of age story. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21457
Chatterjee, A., Widick, P., Sternschein, R., Smith, W. B., & Bromberger, B. (2010). The assessment of art attributes. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 28(2), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.2190/EM.28.2.f 6
- Download the AAA materials and instructions
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Chatterjee, A., Thomas, A., Smith, S. E., & Aguirre, G. K. (2008). The neural response to facial attractiveness. Neuropsychology, 23(2), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014430
Chatterjee, A., Hamilton, R. H., & Amorapanth, P. X. (2006). Art produced by a patient with Parkinson’s disease. Behavioural Neurology, 17(2), 105–108. https://doi.org/10.1155/2006/901832
Chatterjee, A. (2006). The neuropsychology of visual art: Conferring capacity. International Review of Neurobiology, 74, 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(06)74003-X
Wilson A., & Chatterjee A. (2005). The assessment of preference for balance: Introducing a new test. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 23(2), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.2190/B1LR-MVF3-F36X-XR64 6
- Download the APB materials and instructions
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Chatterjee A. (2004). The neuropsychology of visual artistic expression. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1568–1583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.03.011
Chatterjee A. (2003). Prospects for a cognitive neuroscience of visual aesthetics. Bulletin of Psychology and the Arts, 4(2), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/e514602010-003
Chatterjee A. (2002). Portrait profiles and the notion of agency. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 20(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.2190/3WLF-AGTV-0AW7-R2CN

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Publications on other topics in cognitive neuroscience

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Chatterjee, A. (2025). The curious case of Cortex covers. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 182, 199-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.003
Chakrabarty, M., Klooster, N., Biswas, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2023). The scope of using pragmatic language tests for early detection of dementia: A systematic review of investigations using figurative language. Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13369
Christensen, A. P., & Kenett, Y. N. (2021). Semantic network analysis (SemNA): A tutorial on preprocessing, estimating, and analyzing semantic networks. Psychological Methods. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000463
Weisberg, S. M., & Chatterjee, A. (2020). Reference frames in spatial communication for navigation and sports: An empirical study in ultimate frisbee players. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 5, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-020-00254-1
Klooster, N., McQuire, M., Grossman, M., McMillan, C., Chatterjee, A., & Cardillo, E. R. (2020). The neural basis of metaphor comprehension: Evidence from left hemisphere degeneration. Neurobiology of Language, 1(4), 474–491. https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00022
Hartung, F. Kenett, Y. N., Cardillo, E. R., Humphries, S., Klooster, N., & Chatterjee, A. (2020). Context matters: Novel metaphors in supportive and non-supportive contexts. NeuroImage, 212, 116645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116645
Humphries, S., Klooster, N., Cardillo, E. R., Weintraub, D., Rick, J., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). From action to abstraction: The sensorimotor grounding of metaphor in Parkinson’s disease. Cortex, 121, 362–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.09.005
Özer, D., Göksun, T., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Differential roles of gestures on spatial language in neurotypical elderly adults and individuals with focal brain injury. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 36(5–6), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2019.1618255
Weisberg, S. M., Newcomb, N., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Everyday taxi drivers: Do better navigators have larger hippocampi? Cortex, 115, 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.024
Kranjec, A., Lehet, M., Woods, A. J., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Time is not more abstract than space in sound. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00048
Cardillo, E. R., McQuire, M., & Chatterjee, A. (2018). Selective metaphor impairments after left, not right, hemisphere injury. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2308. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02308
Akbıyıka, S., Karaduman, A., Göksun, T., & Chatterjee, A. (2018). The relationship between co-speech gesture production and macrolinguistic discourse abilities in people with focal brain injury. Neuropsychologia, 117, 440–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.025
Weisberg, S. M., Marchette, S. A., & Chatterjee, A. (2018). Behavioral and neural representations of spatial directions across words, schemas, and images. Journal of Neuroscience, 38(21), 4996–5007. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3250-17.2018
Weisberg, S. M., Badgio, D., & Chatterjee, A. (2018). Feel the way with a vibrotactile compass: Does a navigational aid aid navigation? Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44(5), 667–679. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000472
Özer, D., Tansan, M., Özer, E. E., Malykhina, K., Chatterjee, A., & Göksun, T. (2017). The effects of gesture restriction on spatial language in young and elderly adults. In G. Gunzelmann, A. Howes, T. Tenbrink, & E. Davelaar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1471–1476). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Cardillo, E. R., Watson, C., & Chatterjee, A. (2017). Stimulus needs are a moving target: 240 additional matched literal and metaphorical sentences for testing neural hypotheses about metaphor. Behavior Research Methods, 49(2), 471–483. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0717-1 6
- Download the supplementary materials
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Karaduman, A., Göksun, T., & Chatterjee, A. (2017). Narratives of focal brain injured individuals: A macro-level analysis. Neuropsychologia, 99, 314–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.03.027
McQuire, M., McCollum, L., & Chatterjee, A. (2016). Aptness and beauty in metaphor. Language and Cognition, 9(2), 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2016.13 6
- Download the supplementary materials
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Jamrozik, A., McQuire, M., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2016). Metaphor: Bridging embodiment to abstraction. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(4), 1080–1089. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0861-0
Nozari, N., Göksun T., Thompson-Schill, S. L., & Chatterjee, A. (2015). Phonological similarity affects production of gestures, even in the absence of overt speech. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1347. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01347
Göksun T., Lehet M., Malykhina K., & Chatterjee A. (2015). Spontaneous gesture and spatial language: Evidence from focal brain injury. Brain and Language, 150, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2015.07.012
Ianni, G. R., Cardillo, E. R., McQuire, M., & Chatterjee, A. (2014). Flying under the radar: Figurative language impairments in focal lesion patients. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 871. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00871
Kranjec, A., Lupyan, G., & Chatterjee, A. (2014). Categorical biases in perceiving spatial relations. PLOS ONE, 9(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098604
Kranjec, A., Lehet, M., & Chatterjee, A. (2014). Pitch affects estimates of space but not vice versa. In P. Bello, M. Guarini, M. McShane, & B. Scassellati (Eds.), Program of the 36th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 779–784). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Göksun T., Lehet M., Malykhina K., & Chatterjee A. (2013). Naming and gesturing spatial relations: Evidence from focal brain-injured individuals. Neuropsychologia, 51, 1518–1527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.05.006
Amorapanth, P., Kranjec, A., Bromberger, B., Lehet, M., Widick, P., Woods, A. J., Kimberg, D. Y., & Chatterjee, A. (2012). Language, perception, and the schematic representation of spatial relations. Brain and Language, 120, 226–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2011.09.007
Schmidt, G. L., Cardillo, E. R., Kranjec, A., Lehet, M., Widick, P., & Chatterjee, A. (2012). Not all analogies are created equal: Associative and categorical analogy processing following brain damage. Neuropsychologia, 50, 1372–1379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.02.022
Cardillo, E. R., Watson, C. E., Schmidt, G. L., Kranjec, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2012). From novel to familiar: Tuning the brain for metaphors. NeuroImage, 59(4), 3212–3221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.079
Watson, C., & Chatterjee, A. (2012). A bilateral frontoparietal network underlies visuospatial analogical reasoning. NeuroImage, 59(3), 2831–2838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.030
Kranjec, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). Are temporal concepts embodied? A challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00240
Wencil, E. B., Aguirre, G. K., Coslett, H. B., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). Carving the clock at its component joints: Neural basis for interval timing. Journal of Neurophysiology, 104(1), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00029.2009
Wencil, E. B., Radoeva, P., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). Size isn’t all that matters: Noticing differences in size and temporal order. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00171
Cardillo, E. R., Schmidt, G., Kranjec, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). Stimulus design is an obstacle course: 560 matched literal and metaphorical sentences for testing neural hypotheses about metaphor. Behavior Research Methods, 42(3), 651–664. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.42.3.651 6
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Kranjec, A., Lehet, M., Bromberger, B., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). A sinister bias for calling fouls in soccer. PLOS ONE, 5(7), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011667
Chatterjee, A. (2010). Disembodying cognition. Language and Cognition, 2(1), 79–116. https://doi.org/10.1515/langcog.2010.004
Kranjec, A., Cardillo, E. R., Schmidt, G., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). Prescribed spatial prepositions influence how we think about time. Cognition, 114, 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.09.008
Amorapanth, P., Widick, P., & Chatterjee, A. (2009). The neural basis for spatial relations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(8), 1739–1753. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21322
Schmidt, G., Kranjec, A., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2009). Beyond laterality: A critical assessment of research on the neural basis of metaphor. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617709990543
Chen, E., Widick, P., & Chatterjee, A. (2008). Functional-anatomical organization of predicate metaphor processing. Brain and Language, 107(3), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2008.06.007
Chatterjee, A. (2008). The neural organization of spatial thought and language. Seminars in Speech and Language, 29(3), 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1082886
Wu, D., Waller, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2007). The functional neuroanatomy of thematic role and locative relational knowledge. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(9), 1542–1555. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1542
Gottfried, J. A., Sancar, F., & Chatterjee, A. (2003). Acquired mirror writing and reading: Evidence for reflected graphemic representations. Neuropsychologia, 41, 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00130-6
Chatterjee, A. (2001). Language and space: Some interactions. Trends in Cognitive Science, 5(2), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01598-9

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Event Representation

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Quandt, L. C., Lee, Y.-S., & Chatterjee, A. (2017). Neural bases of action abstraction. Biological Psychology, 129, 314–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.015
Quandt, L. C., Cardillo, E. R., Kranjec, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2015). Fronto-temporal regions encode the manner of motion in spatial language. Neuroscience Letters, 609, 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.041
Quandt, L. C., & Chatterjee, A. (2015). Rethinking actions: Implementation and association. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 6(6), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1367
Woods, A. J., Kranjec, A., Lehet, M., & Chatterjee, A. (2015). Expertise and decision-making in American football. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 994. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00994
Piedimonte, A., Woods, A. J., & Chatterjee, A. (2015). Disambiguating ambiguous motion perception: What are the cues? Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 902. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00902
Watson, C. E., Cardillo, E. R., Bromberger, B., & Chatterjee, A. (2014). The specificity of action knowledge in sensory and motor systems. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 494. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00494
Watson, C. E., Cardillo, E. R., Ianni, G. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2013). Action concepts in the brain: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 1191–1205. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00401
Watson, C., & Chatterjee, A. (2011). The functional neuroanatomy of actions. Neurology, 76, 1428–1434. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182166e2c
Wu, D., Morganti, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2008). Neural substrates of processing path and manner information of a moving event. Neuropsychologia, 46, 704–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.09.016
Kable, J., & Chatterjee, A. (2006). Specificity of action representations in occipitotemporal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(9), 1498–1517. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1498
Kable, J., Kan, I. P., Wilson, A., Thompson-Schill, S. L., & Chatterjee, A. (2005). Conceptual representations of action in the lateral temporal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(12), 1855–1870. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892905775008625
Kable, J., Lease-Spellmeyer, J., & Chatterjee, A. (2002). The neural substrate of action event knowledge. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(5), 785–794. https://doi.org/10.1162/08989290260138681
Chatterjee, A., Southwood, M. H., & Basilico, D. (1999). Verbs, events and spatial representations. Neuropsychologia, 37, 395–402.

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Neuroethics

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Dinh, C. T., Humphries, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2020). Public opinion on cognitive enhancement varies across different situations. AJOB Neuroscience, 11(4), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2020.1811797
Conrad, E. C., Humphries, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Attitudes towards cognitive enhancement: The role of metaphor and context. AJOB Neuroscience, 10(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2019.1595771
Weisberg, S. M., Badgio, D., & Chatterjee, A. (2017). A CRISPR new world: Attitudes in the public toward innovations in human genetic modification. Frontiers in Public Health, 5, 117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00117
Chatterjee, A. (2013). Drugs to build a better brain. Nature, 496, 431–432. https://doi.org/10.1038/496431a
Chancellor, B., & Chatterjee, A. (2011). Brain branding: When neuroscience and commerce collide. AJOB Neuroscience, 2(4), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2011.611123
Hamilton, R., Messing, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2011). Rethinking the thinking cap. Neurology, 76(2), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318205d50d
Chatterjee, A. (2009). A medical view of potential adverse effects [Letter to the editor]. Nature, 457, 532–533. https://doi.org/10.1038/457532c
Chatterjee, A. (2009). Is it acceptable for people to take methylphenidate to enhance performance? No. British Medical Journal, 338, 1532–1533. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b1956
Chatterjee, A. (2008). Framing pains, pills, and professors. Expositions, 2(2), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1558/expo.v2i2.139
Chatterjee, A. (2007). Cosmetic neurology and cosmetic surgery: Parallels, predictions and challenges. Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 16, 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180107070156
Chatterjee, A. (2006). The promise and predicament of cosmetic neurology. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32, 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.2005.013599
Chatterjee, A. (2004). Cosmetic neurology: The controversy over enhancing movement, mentation, and mood. Neurology, 63(6), 968–974. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000138438.88589.7C

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Miscellaneous

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Chatterjee, A., Leder, H., Nadal, M., Smith, J., Smith, L., Tinio, P. P., Vartanian, O. & Zellner, D. (2024). Remembrances of Paul Locher. Empirical Studies of the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374241288340
Han, H., Workman, C. I., May, J., Scholtens, P., Dawson, K. J., Glenn, A. L., & Meindl, P. (2022). Which moral exemplars inspire prosociality? Philosophical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2022.2035343
Weinberger, A. B., Gallagher, N. M., Colaizzi, G., Liu, N., Parrott, N., Fearon, E., ... & Green, A. E. (2022). Analogical mapping across sensory modalities and evidence for a general analogy factor. Cognition, 223, 105029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105029
Chakrabarty, M., Pflieger, E. M., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Effects of acquired chronic brain injury on quality of life: A preliminary study in patients with a left or right-sided lesion. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, 2(1), 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2019.100031
Chatterjee, A. (2018). Reflections on mirror neurons and rehabilitation [Commentary on the journal article Functions of the mirror neuron system: Implications for neurorehabilitation, by G. Buccino, A. Solodkin, & S. L. Small]. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 31(4), 243–244. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000177
Yeatts, S. D., Broderick, J. P., Chatterjee, A., Jauch, E. C., Levine, S. R., Romano, J. G., Saver, J. L., Vagal, A., Purdon, B., Devenport, J., & Khatri, P. (2018). Alteplase for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in patients with low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and not clearly disabling deficits (Potential of rtPA for Ischemic Strokes with Mild Symptoms PRISMS): Rationale and design. International Journal of Stroke, 13(6), 654–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493018765269
Siegler, J. E., Kable J. W., & Chatterjee, A. (2016). Resident decision making: Opioids in the outpatient setting. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 8(2), 138–141. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-15-00186.1
Wende, K. C., Nagels, A., Stratmann, M., Chatterjee, A., Kircher, T., & Straube, B. (2015). Neural basis of altered physical and social causality judgements in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 161(2), 244–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.007
Vo, K., Rutledge, R. B., Chatterjee, A., & Kable, J. W. (2014). Dorsal striatum is necessary for stimulus-value but not action-value learning in humans. Brain, 137(12), 3129–3135. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu277
Olson, I. R., Ezzyat, Y., Plotzker, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2014). The end point of the ventral visual stream: Face and non-face perceptual deficits following unilateral anterior temporal lobe damage. Neurocase: The Neural Basis of Cognition, 21(5), 554–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2014.959025
Göksun, T., Woods, A. J., Chatterjee, A., Zelonis, S., Glass, L., & Smith, S. E. (2013). Elementary school children’s attentional biases in physical and numerical space. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10, 433–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.692965
Woods, A. J., Göksun, T., Chatterjee, A., Zelonis, S., Mehta, A., & Smith, S. (2013). The development of organized visual search. Acta Psychologica, 143, 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.03.008
Smith, S. E., & Chatterjee, A. (2008). Visuospatial attention in children. Archives of Neurology, 65(10), 1284–1288. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.65.10.1284
Fellows, L., Stark, M., Berg, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2008). Patient registries in cognitive neuroscience research: Advantages, challenges, and practical advice. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(6), 1107–1113. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20065
Chatterjee, A. (2005). A madness to the methods in cognitive neuroscience? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(6), 847–849. https://doi.org/10.1162/0898929054021085
Biran, I., Giovannetti, T., Buxbaum, L., & Chatterjee, A. (2006). The alien hand syndrome: What makes the alien hand alien? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 23(4), 563–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643290500180282
Snyder, J., & Chatterjee, A. (2006). The frontal cortex and exogenous attentional orienting. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(11), 1913–1923. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1913
Ricci, R., Genero, R., Colombatti, S., Zampieri, D., & Chatterjee, A. (2005). Visuomotor links in awareness: Evidence from extinction. Neuroreport, 16(8), 843–847. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.692965
Snyder, J., & Chatterjee, A. (2004). Spatial-temporal anisometries following right parietal damage. Neuropsychologia, 42(12), 1703–1708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.003
Ricci, R., & Chatterjee, A. (2004). Sensory and response contributions to visual awareness in extinction. Experimental Brain Research, 157(1), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1823-8
Olson, E., Stark, M., & Chatterjee, A. (2003). Evidence for a unimodal somatosensory attention system. Experimental Brain Research, 151(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1428-2
Ricci, R., & Chatterjee, A. (2001). Context and crossover in unilateral neglect. Neuropsychologia, 39(11), 1138–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00054-9
Vaishnavi, S., Calhoun, J., & Chatterjee, A. (2001). Binding personal and peripersonal space: Evidence from tactile extinction. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892901564243
Chatterjee, A., Ricci, R., & Calhoun, J. (2000). Weighing the evidence for cross over in neglect. Neuropsychologia, 38(10), 1390–1397. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00042-7

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Resources for conducting research in neuroaesthetics

Aesthetic Impact Survey Template (beta)

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We are sharing the multi-step survey we use to collect detailed information about the emotional impact of an artwork.

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↳ View the template questions

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↳ Download the Qualtrics template file

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PCfN Artwork Repository (beta)

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The PCfN has curated a collection of 300+ art images suitable for use in empirical aesthetics research. The collection intentionally samples from underrepresented cultures and each image is normed on beauty, liking, familiarity, and 11 aesthetic impact terms.

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Estrada Gonzalez, V.*; Bobrow, B.; Cardillo, E.R.; Kim, O.; Meletaki, V.; Chatterjee, A. (Manuscript in preparation).

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↳ A pp for stimuli exploration

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Aesthetic Cognitivism

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Review of the psychology and neuroscience of aesthetic cognitivism with semantic maps and dimensions of descriptive and impact aesthetic cognitivism terms.

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↳ View Infographic

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↳ View Preprint Publication

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↳ Open Science Framework Page

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↳ Download Materials

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Assessment of Art Attributes (AAA)

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The AAA is an instrument designed to assess six formal-perceptual and six conceptual-representational attributes using 24 paintings from the Western canon.

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Chatterjee, Widick, Sternschein, Smith, & Bromberger (2010)

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↳ View publication

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↳ Download materials

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Assessment of Preference for Balance (APB)

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Here, we introduce the assessment of preference for balance (APB) and report a method to derive an objective balance score.

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Wilson & Chatterjee (2005)

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↳ View publication

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↳ Download materials

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Face Image Meta-Database (fIMDb)

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The fIMDb provides detailed information about sources for face photographs intended for use in research.

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Workman & Chatterjee (2021)

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↳ View publication

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↳ Visit fIMDb website

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ChatLab Facial Anomaly Database (CFAD)

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The CFAD was developed to facilitate research on biases towards individuals with facial anomalies. The database allows searching by age, sex, ethnicity, pose, and type/etiology of anomaly. Retrieve original stimuli or view images at various stages of pre-processing, e.g., normalized to interpupillary distance.

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Workman & Chatterjee (2021)

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↳ View publication

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↳ Visit CFAD website

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Cardillo Normed Metaphors

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We provide 400 pairs of matched metaphoric and literal sentences. The set features metaphors of three types (nominal-entity, nominal-event, and predicate) and two modalities (sound, motion), and has been normed on 10+ psycholinguistic and theoretically-relevant properties (e.g. familiarity, interpretability, imageability, beauty).

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Cardillo, Schmidt, Kranjec, & Chatterjee (2010)

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↳ View publication

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↳ Download materials

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McQuire, McCollum, & Chatterjee (2016)

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↳ View publication

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↳ Download materials

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Cardillo, Watson, & Chatterjee (2017)

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↳ View publication

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↳ Download materials

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Ratinginstrument für zweidimensionale bildnerische Arbeiten (RizbA)—Rating Instrument for Two-Dimensional Pictorial Work

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The RizbA is a 26-item survey designed to evaluate pictorial expression, as theoretically defined by 7 content areas: representation, color, shape, space, motion, composition, expression. English translations for survey items are provided in the original publication, and an empirically-validated version of the translated survey is in development.

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Schoch, K., Gruber, H., Ostermann, T. (2017)

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↳ View publication

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↳ View preprint (available on Zenodo)

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↳ Download materials (available on Zenodo)

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Books and Chapters

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Beauty, Brain, & Art: Essays Bringing Neuroaesthetics in Focus. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee and Eileen R. Cardillo.

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Aesthetics has long been the preserve of philosophy, art history, and the creative arts but, more recently, the fields of psychology and neuroscience have entered the discussion, and the field of neuroaesthetics has been born.

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In Brain, Beauty, and Art, leading scholars in this nascent field reflect on the promise of neuroaesthetics to enrich our understanding of this universal yet diverse facet of human experience. The volume consists of essays from foundational researchers whose empirical work launched the field. Each essay is anchored to an original, peer-reviewed paper from the short history of this new and burgeoning subdiscipline of cognitive neuroscience. Authors of each essay were asked three questions: 1) What motivated the original paper? 2) What were the main findings or theoretical claims made? and, 3) How do those findings or claims fit with the current state and anticipated near future of neuroaesthetics? Together, these essays establish the territory and current boundaries of neuroaesthetics and identify its most promising future directions. Topics include models of neuroaesthetics, and discussions of beauty, art, dance, music, literature, and architecture.

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Brain, Beauty, and Art will inform and stimulate anyone with an abiding interest in why it is that, across time and culture, we respond to beauty, engage with art, and are affected by music and architecture.

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The Aesthetic Brain: How We Evolved to Desire Beauty and Enjoy Art. By Anjan Chatterjee

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The Aesthetic Brain takes the reader on a wide-ranging journey through the world of beauty, pleasure, and art. Chatterjee uses neuroscience to probe how an aesthetic sense is etched in our minds and evolutionary psychology to explain why aesthetic concerns feature centrally in our lives. Along the way, Chatterjee addresses fundamental questions: What is beauty? Is beauty universal? How is beauty related to pleasure? What is art? Should art be beautiful? Do we have an instinct for art? Chatterjee starts by probing the reasons that we find people, places, and even numbers beautiful. At the root of beauty, he finds, is pleasure. He then examines our pleasures by dissecting why we want and why we like food, sex, and money and how these rewards relate to aesthetic encounters. His ruminations on beauty and pleasure prepare him and the reader to face art. He wanders through the problems of defining art, understanding contemporary art, and interpreting ancient art. He explores why art, something that seems so useless, also feels fundamental to our humanity. Replete with facts, anecdotes, and analogies, this empirical guide to aesthetics offers scientific answers without deflating the wonders of beauty and art.

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Chapters

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Meletaki, V. & Chatterjee, A. (2025). Architectural Aesthetics. In A. A. Lavdas, A. Sussman & A. V. Woodworth (Eds), Routledge Handbook of Neuroscience and the Built Environment (1st ed.) Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003469162-4

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Adamaszek, M., Cattaneo, Z., Ciricugno, A. & Chatterjee, A. (2022). The Cerebellum and beauty: The impact of the cerebellum on art experience and creativity. In: Adamaszek, M., Manto, M., Schutter, D.J.L.G. (eds) The Emotional Cerebellum: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1378. Springer, Cham.

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Coburn, A., Weinberger, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2022). How architectural design influences emotions, physiology, and behavior. In The Routledge International Handbook of Neuroaesthetics (pp. 194-217). Routledge.

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Kenett, Y. N., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). The Neuroscience of Well-Being: A General Framework and Its Relation to Humanistic Flourishing. In The Oxford Handbook of the Positive Humanities (p. 129). Oxford University Press.

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Chatterjee, A. (2018). Beauty matters in ways we know and in ways we don’t. In D. J. Linden (Ed.), Think tank: Forty neuroscientists explore the biological roots of human experience (pp. 238–244). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

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Chatterjee A. (2012). Neuroaesthetics: Growing pains of a new discipline. In A. P. Shimamura & S. E. Palmer (Eds.), Aesthetic science: Connecting minds, brains, and experience (pp. 219–317). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

1 e

9 b

5 7

1 d f

1 53

19 19 1b

11 15 11 15 25 11 11 11 18

7e Research

Current Projects

Beauty and Morality

The Built Environment and Wellness

Engagement with Art

Publications & Resources

25 Neuroaesthetics Publications 13

20 Additional Publications 13

Language & Space

Event Representation

Neuroethics

Miscellaneous

22 Neuroaesthetics Resources 13

Aesthetic Impact Survey Template (beta)

PCfN Artwork Repository (beta)

Aesthetic Cognitivism

Assessment of Preference for Balance (APB)

Face Image Meta-Database (fIMDb)

ChatLab Facial Anomaly Database (CFAD)

Cardillo Normed Metaphors

Ratinginstrument für zweidimensionale bildnerische Arbeiten (RizbA)—Rating Instrument for Two-Dimensional Pictorial Work

Books and Chapters